Ohka Model 11
As the Japanese military became increasingly desperate to find ways of slowing the Allied advance, naval officer Ensign Mitsuo Ohta conceived a specialized suicide attack aircraft that would be inexpensive, easy to manufacture in large numbers, and equipped for high speed to avoid being shot down.
Legend has it that in feudal times Japan was under attack by sea and the force ranged against them was overpowering. They were certain to lose. Just before the battle was joined a typhoon blew up and scattered the enemy fleet, sinking many of them. The danger had passed. The Japanese called the typhoon "The Devine Wind". Some hoped that the kamikaze would get a similar result. They didn't even though they were named for it.
Once the concept had been accepted, Yokosuka began developing the MXY7 Ohka (cherry blossom), a small, rocket-powered vehicle mounting a large warhead in the nose and intended to be carried to the target area by a Mitsubishi G4M2e "Betty" bomber. After being released, the Ohka would engage its rocket motors to make a high-speed dash to the target ship. Flight testing began in late 1944, but production of the Navy Suicide Attacker Ohka Model 11 began even before these tests were complete.
By March 1945, 755 of the Model 11 had been built, but initial deployments proved rather unsuccessful. Although difficult to shoot down because of its high speed, the Ohka was a sitting duck when still attached to the large, slow mother plane. In addition, the design proved to be very difficult to manoeuvre making it nearly impossible to hit even a slow moving target. In an attempt to improve the odds, a new version, the Model 22, began production.
This model featured reduced wingspan and a smaller warhead allowing the Ohka to be carried by the much faster Yokosuka P1Y1 Ginga medium bomber. The Model 22 was also fitted with a Campini-type jet engine instead of rockets increasing the Ohka's range as well as reducing speed to allow better manoeuvrability. However, the jet engine was found to be vastly underpowered resulting in later versions powered by a turbojet, but none of these reached production before the end of the war.
Japan also studied other methods for launching the Ohka, including a land based version and one carried by submarines. Although some 850 Ohkas were built, including trainer versions equipped with landing skids, only 50 ever saw combat sinking only three enemy ships.